Search results for "World trade"
showing 8 items of 8 documents
Maritime Trade and Merchant Shipping: The Shipping/Trade-Ratio from the 1870s Until Today.
2016
This paper discusses the development of countries’ market shares in world shipping over the last 150 years. The analysis is based upon a new and purpose-built indicator: the shipping/trade-ratio. This indicator presents the relationship between the merchant marine of a country and the country’s role in world trade. Analysis of the shipping/trade-ratio identifies two important developments. First, although the share of the world fleet registered in Europe has dropped significantly, Europe’s role in world shipping over the last fifty years has been more stable than is commonly perceived. Second, there appears to have been an increasing specialisation in the world shipping industry, both among…
La guerra ideológica
1982
Manifiesto firmado por sesenta intelectuales norteamericanos en apoyo a la guerra de Afganistán y las otras guerras "contra los países del Eje del Mal" anunciadas por Bush tras el 11-S.
Still Going “Grey” After All These Years? Export Restraint Agreements and the WTO
2013
This chapter assesses how the dual strategy that aimed to eliminate "grey area" measures has worked out in practice, also in the light of the protectionist pressures unleashed by the current economic crisis. After providing a brief overview of the historic proliferation of these measures, it discusses whether the attempt to render ordinary safeguard measures a more attractive alternative to voluntary restraint agreements (VRAs) has worked in practice. The chapter analyses some of the intrinsic and extrinsic weaknesses of the ban itself. The chapter reviews some cases of export-restraint agreements arguably falling within the exceptions to the ban enshrined in Art. 11.1.C. This work has exam…
Assessing commodity price risks and terms of trade exposures in emerging and developing countries
2020
This paper provides novel evidence on commodity exposure (impacts of commodity price and terms of trade fluctuations) amongst 46 emerging and developing countries (EMDCs) in Africa, Asia and the Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) region. We focus on the exposures of six macroeconomic variables to the commodity prices and terms of trade, based on the real business cycle (RBC) theory. Our empirical results indicate that, overall, about 10% of the macroeconomic variation amongst the EMDCs is due to commodity market-related exposures. The Asian and LAC economies are especially sensitive to changes in commodity prices. The changes in the prices of world trade have an imminent impact on non-commo…
Does complexity explain the structure of trade?
2013
This paper analyzes whether complexity, measured by the number of skilled tasks that are performed in production, explains countries commodity trade structure. We modify the Romalis ( ) model to incorporate advantage differences in complexity across commodities together with differences in the number of mistakes made by workers in the production process in developed and developing countries as a source of comparative advantage. Our model predicts that the share of developed countries in world trade increases with products complexity. Empirical tests confirm this prediction. Moreover, we find that complexity complements the explanation provided by skillintensity on countries commodity trade …
Heritage that hurts: tourists in the memoryscapes of September 11
2014
As the symbolic epicentre of American supremacy, the World Trade Centre was targeted by the September 11 terrorists to convey a message of fear to the USA and the rest of the world. To some extent,...
Enforcing WTO Law
2017
This contribution analyses the difference between the enforcement system provided for by the European Union legal system and the one set up by the World Trade Organisation. The reciprocal and bilateral nature of the WTO obligations and the possibility for the parties to a dispute to have recourse to negotiation (in ways not always foreseen and regulated by the Dispute Settlement Understanding) in order to resolve the issue of implementation in the post-adjudication phase of the dispute settlement procedure are features that by-and-large differentiate the WTO legal system from that of the EU and also explains the differences between the remedies provided for by the two systems.
Human Rights and International Trade: Mapping Workers’ Rights under World Trade Organization Rules
2021
A medida que el mundo primitivo se fue conectando -globalizando- a través de los contactos con otras civilizaciones, comenzó a producirse un intercambio de bienes y tecnologías con diferentes civilizaciones, ya sea a través de la conquista o del comercio. En el siglo XXI el mundo está más conectado que nunca. Los bienes y las tecnologías se intercambian a través de un sistema de comercio mundial bien organizado y regulado entre los Estados nacionales. La Organización Mundial del Comercio (OMC) es una institución sobrenatural que regula el comercio entre sus 164 miembros. Un logro monumental de esta larga marcha de la historia es la aparición de los derechos humanos. Los derechos humanos son…